Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020).
Identifieur interne : 000A14 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000A13; suivant : 000A15Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020).
Auteurs : Chunxue Bai [République populaire de Chine] ; Sanjay H. Chotirmall [Singapour] ; Jordi Rello [Espagne, France] ; George A. Alba [États-Unis] ; Leo C. Ginns [États-Unis] ; Jerry A. Krishnan [États-Unis] ; Robert Rogers [États-Unis] ; Elisabeth Bendstrup [Danemark] ; Pierre-Regis Burgel [France] ; James D. Chalmers [Royaume-Uni] ; Abigail Chua [États-Unis] ; Kristina A. Crothers [États-Unis] ; Abhijit Duggal [États-Unis] ; Yeon Wook Kim [Corée du Sud] ; John G. Laffey [Irlande (pays)] ; Carlos M. Luna [Argentine] ; Michael S. Niederman [États-Unis] ; Ganesh Raghu [États-Unis] ; Julio A. Ramirez [États-Unis] ; Jordi Riera [Espagne] ; Oriol Roca [Espagne] ; Maximiliano Tamae-Kakazu [États-Unis] ; Antoni Torres [Espagne] ; Richard R. Watkins [États-Unis] ; Miriam Barrecheguren [Espagne] ; Mirko Belliato [Italie] ; Hassan A. Chami [Liban] ; Rongchang Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Gustavo A. Cortes-Puentes [États-Unis] ; Charles Delacruz [États-Unis] ; Margaret M. Hayes [États-Unis] ; Leo M A. Heunks [Pays-Bas] ; Steven R. Holets [États-Unis] ; Catherine L. Hough [États-Unis] ; Sugeet Jagpal [États-Unis] ; Kyeongman Jeon [Corée du Sud] ; Takeshi Johkoh [Japon] ; May M. Lee [États-Unis] ; Janice Liebler [États-Unis] ; Gerry N. Mcelvaney [Irlande (pays)] ; Ari Moskowitz [États-Unis] ; Richard A. Oeckler [États-Unis] ; I Igo Ojanguren [Espagne] ; Anthony O'Regan [Irlande (pays)] ; Mathias W. Pletz [Allemagne] ; Chin Kook Rhee [Corée du Sud] ; Marcus J. Schultz [Pays-Bas] ; Enrico Storti [Italie] ; Charlie Strange [États-Unis] ; Carey C. Thomson [États-Unis] ; Francesca J. Torriani [États-Unis] ; Xun Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Wim Wuyts [Belgique] ; Tao Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Dawei Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ziqiang Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Kevin C. WilsonSource :
- European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society [ 1600-0617 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Comités consultatifs (organisation et administration), Consensus (MeSH), Coopération internationale (MeSH), Europe (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumologie (normes), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), Sociétés médicales (MeSH), États-Unis (MeSH).
- MESH :
- normes : Pneumologie.
- organisation et administration : Comités consultatifs.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Betacoronavirus, Consensus, Coopération internationale, Europe, Humains, Pandémies, Sociétés médicales, États-Unis.
- Wicri :
- geographic : États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Advisory Committees (organization & administration), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Consensus (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Europe (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), International Cooperation (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pulmonary Medicine (standards), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Societies, Medical (MeSH), United States (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic : Europe, United States.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- organization & administration : Advisory Committees.
- standards : Pulmonary Medicine.
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Consensus, Humans, International Cooperation, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Societies, Medical.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. Consensus suggestions can standardise care, thereby improving outcomes and facilitating future research.
METHODS
An International Task Force was composed and agreement regarding courses of action was measured using the Convergence of Opinion on Recommendations and Evidence (CORE) process. 70% agreement was necessary to make a consensus suggestion.
RESULTS
The Task Force made consensus suggestions to treat patients with acute COVID-19 pneumonia with remdesivir and dexamethasone but suggested against hydroxychloroquine except in the context of a clinical trial; these are revisions of prior suggestions resulting from the interim publication of several randomised trials. It also suggested that COVID-19 patients with a venous thromboembolic event be treated with therapeutic anticoagulant therapy for 3 months. The Task Force was unable to reach sufficient agreement to yield consensus suggestions for the post-hospital care of COVID-19 survivors. The Task Force fell one vote shy of suggesting routine screening for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.
CONCLUSIONS
The Task Force addressed questions related to pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID-19 and the post-hospital care of survivors, yielding several consensus suggestions. Management options for which there is insufficient agreement to formulate a suggestion represent research priorities.
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0287-2020
PubMed: 33020069
PubMed Central: PMC7537943
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Argentine, Belgique, Corée du Sud, Danemark, Espagne, France, Irlande (pays), Italie, Japon, Liban, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Singapour, États-Unis
- Californie, Caroline du Sud, Catalogne, Communauté de Madrid, Guangdong, Hollande-Septentrionale, Illinois, Languedoc-Roussillon, Massachusetts, Occitanie (région administrative), Ohio, Oregon, Région capitale de Séoul, Washington (État), État de New York, Île-de-France
- Amsterdam, Barcelone, Chicago, Columbia (Caroline du Sud), Los Angeles, Madrid, Nîmes, Paris, Seattle, Shenzhen, Séoul
- Université autonome de Barcelone, Université de Californie du Sud, Université de Caroline du Sud, Université de Washington, Université de l'Illinois à Chicago
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Chalmers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chua, Abigail" sort="Chua, Abigail" uniqKey="Chua A" first="Abigail" last="Chua">Abigail Chua</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crothers, Kristina A" sort="Crothers, Kristina A" uniqKey="Crothers K" first="Kristina A" last="Crothers">Kristina A. Crothers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle WA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duggal, Abhijit" sort="Duggal, Abhijit" uniqKey="Duggal A" first="Abhijit" last="Duggal">Abhijit Duggal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cleveland OH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yeon Wook" sort="Kim, Yeon Wook" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yeon Wook" last="Kim">Yeon Wook Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laffey, John G" sort="Laffey, John G" uniqKey="Laffey J" first="John G" last="Laffey">John G. Laffey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Galway</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luna, Carlos M" sort="Luna, Carlos M" uniqKey="Luna C" first="Carlos M" last="Luna">Carlos M. Luna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niederman, Michael S" sort="Niederman, Michael S" uniqKey="Niederman M" first="Michael S" last="Niederman">Michael S. Niederman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New York NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raghu, Ganesh" sort="Raghu, Ganesh" uniqKey="Raghu G" first="Ganesh" last="Raghu">Ganesh Raghu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez, Julio A" sort="Ramirez, Julio A" uniqKey="Ramirez J" first="Julio A" last="Ramirez">Julio A. Ramirez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Louisville KY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riera, Jordi" sort="Riera, Jordi" uniqKey="Riera J" first="Jordi" last="Riera">Jordi Riera</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roca, Oriol" sort="Roca, Oriol" uniqKey="Roca O" first="Oriol" last="Roca">Oriol Roca</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tamae Kakazu, Maximiliano" sort="Tamae Kakazu, Maximiliano" uniqKey="Tamae Kakazu M" first="Maximiliano" last="Tamae-Kakazu">Maximiliano Tamae-Kakazu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Spectrum Health-Michigan State University, Grand Rapids MI, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Spectrum Health-Michigan State University, Grand Rapids MI</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grand Rapids MI</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, Antoni" sort="Torres, Antoni" uniqKey="Torres A" first="Antoni" last="Torres">Antoni Torres</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonology Dept, University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonology Dept, University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Richard R" sort="Watkins, Richard R" uniqKey="Watkins R" first="Richard R" last="Watkins">Richard R. Watkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrecheguren, Miriam" sort="Barrecheguren, Miriam" uniqKey="Barrecheguren M" first="Miriam" last="Barrecheguren">Miriam Barrecheguren</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belliato, Mirko" sort="Belliato, Mirko" uniqKey="Belliato M" first="Mirko" last="Belliato">Mirko Belliato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione 1, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione 1, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chami, Hassan A" sort="Chami, Hassan A" uniqKey="Chami H" first="Hassan A" last="Chami">Hassan A. Chami</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Rongchang" sort="Chen, Rongchang" uniqKey="Chen R" first="Rongchang" last="Chen">Rongchang Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cortes Puentes, Gustavo A" sort="Cortes Puentes, Gustavo A" uniqKey="Cortes Puentes G" first="Gustavo A" last="Cortes-Puentes">Gustavo A. Cortes-Puentes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rochester MN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delacruz, Charles" sort="Delacruz, Charles" uniqKey="Delacruz C" first="Charles" last="Delacruz">Charles Delacruz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Haven CT</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Margaret M" sort="Hayes, Margaret M" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="Margaret M" last="Hayes">Margaret M. Hayes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Boston MA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heunks, Leo M A" sort="Heunks, Leo M A" uniqKey="Heunks L" first="Leo M A" last="Heunks">Leo M A. Heunks</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holets, Steven R" sort="Holets, Steven R" uniqKey="Holets S" first="Steven R" last="Holets">Steven R. Holets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rochester MN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hough, Catherine L" sort="Hough, Catherine L" uniqKey="Hough C" first="Catherine L" last="Hough">Catherine L. Hough</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jagpal, Sugeet" sort="Jagpal, Sugeet" uniqKey="Jagpal S" first="Sugeet" last="Jagpal">Sugeet Jagpal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick NJ, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick NJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Brunswick NJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeon, Kyeongman" sort="Jeon, Kyeongman" uniqKey="Jeon K" first="Kyeongman" last="Jeon">Kyeongman Jeon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johkoh, Takeshi" sort="Johkoh, Takeshi" uniqKey="Johkoh T" first="Takeshi" last="Johkoh">Takeshi Johkoh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagaski, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagaski</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Amagaski</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, May M" sort="Lee, May M" uniqKey="Lee M" first="May M" last="Lee">May M. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liebler, Janice" sort="Liebler, Janice" uniqKey="Liebler J" first="Janice" last="Liebler">Janice Liebler</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcelvaney, Gerry N" sort="Mcelvaney, Gerry N" uniqKey="Mcelvaney G" first="Gerry N" last="Mcelvaney">Gerry N. Mcelvaney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moskowitz, Ari" sort="Moskowitz, Ari" uniqKey="Moskowitz A" first="Ari" last="Moskowitz">Ari Moskowitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Boston MA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oeckler, Richard A" sort="Oeckler, Richard A" uniqKey="Oeckler R" first="Richard A" last="Oeckler">Richard A. Oeckler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rochester MN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ojanguren, I Igo" sort="Ojanguren, I Igo" uniqKey="Ojanguren I" first="I Igo" last="Ojanguren">I Igo Ojanguren</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Regan, Anthony" sort="O Regan, Anthony" uniqKey="O Regan A" first="Anthony" last="O'Regan">Anthony O'Regan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Galway</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pletz, Mathias W" sort="Pletz, Mathias W" uniqKey="Pletz M" first="Mathias W" last="Pletz">Mathias W. Pletz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rhee, Chin Kook" sort="Rhee, Chin Kook" uniqKey="Rhee C" first="Chin Kook" last="Rhee">Chin Kook Rhee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schultz, Marcus J" sort="Schultz, Marcus J" uniqKey="Schultz M" first="Marcus J" last="Schultz">Marcus J. Schultz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Storti, Enrico" sort="Storti, Enrico" uniqKey="Storti E" first="Enrico" last="Storti">Enrico Storti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi, Lodi, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi, Lodi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strange, Charlie" sort="Strange, Charlie" uniqKey="Strange C" first="Charlie" last="Strange">Charlie Strange</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Caroline du Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Columbia (Caroline du Sud)</settlement><region type="state">Caroline du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomson, Carey C" sort="Thomson, Carey C" uniqKey="Thomson C" first="Carey C" last="Thomson">Carey C. Thomson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Boston MA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torriani, Francesca J" sort="Torriani, Francesca J" uniqKey="Torriani F" first="Francesca J" last="Torriani">Francesca J. Torriani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology Unit at UC San Diego Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology Unit at UC San Diego Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego CA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Diego CA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xun" sort="Wang, Xun" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xun" last="Wang">Xun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wuxi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wuyts, Wim" sort="Wuyts, Wim" uniqKey="Wuyts W" first="Wim" last="Wuyts">Wim Wuyts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Tao" sort="Xu, Tao" uniqKey="Xu T" first="Tao" last="Xu">Tao Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shandong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Dawei" sort="Yang, Dawei" uniqKey="Yang D" first="Dawei" last="Yang">Dawei Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ziqiang" sort="Zhang, Ziqiang" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Ziqiang" last="Zhang">Ziqiang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Kevin C" sort="Wilson, Kevin C" uniqKey="Wilson K" first="Kevin C" last="Wilson">Kevin C. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA kwilson@thoracic.org.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">USA kwilson@thoracic.org.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33020069</idno><idno type="pmid">33020069</idno><idno type="doi">10.1183/16000617.0287-2020</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7537943</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000A95</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000A95</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000A95</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000A95</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000A95</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020).</title><author><name sortKey="Bai, Chunxue" sort="Bai, Chunxue" uniqKey="Bai C" first="Chunxue" last="Bai">Chunxue Bai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chotirmall, Sanjay H" sort="Chotirmall, Sanjay H" uniqKey="Chotirmall S" first="Sanjay H" last="Chotirmall">Sanjay H. Chotirmall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Singapore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rello, Jordi" sort="Rello, Jordi" uniqKey="Rello J" first="Jordi" last="Rello">Jordi Rello</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CHU Nîmes, Nîmes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Nîmes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alba, George A" sort="Alba, George A" uniqKey="Alba G" first="George A" last="Alba">George A. Alba</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ginns, Leo C" sort="Ginns, Leo C" uniqKey="Ginns L" first="Leo C" last="Ginns">Leo C. Ginns</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krishnan, Jerry A" sort="Krishnan, Jerry A" uniqKey="Krishnan J" first="Jerry A" last="Krishnan">Jerry A. Krishnan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de l'Illinois à Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rogers, Robert" sort="Rogers, Robert" uniqKey="Rogers R" first="Robert" last="Rogers">Robert Rogers</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bendstrup, Elisabeth" sort="Bendstrup, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Bendstrup E" first="Elisabeth" last="Bendstrup">Elisabeth Bendstrup</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Dept of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Dept of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burgel, Pierre Regis" sort="Burgel, Pierre Regis" uniqKey="Burgel P" first="Pierre-Regis" last="Burgel">Pierre-Regis Burgel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopîtaux de Paris, Université de Paris and Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopîtaux de Paris, Université de Paris and Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chalmers, James D" sort="Chalmers, James D" uniqKey="Chalmers J" first="James D" last="Chalmers">James D. Chalmers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chua, Abigail" sort="Chua, Abigail" uniqKey="Chua A" first="Abigail" last="Chua">Abigail Chua</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crothers, Kristina A" sort="Crothers, Kristina A" uniqKey="Crothers K" first="Kristina A" last="Crothers">Kristina A. Crothers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle WA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duggal, Abhijit" sort="Duggal, Abhijit" uniqKey="Duggal A" first="Abhijit" last="Duggal">Abhijit Duggal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cleveland OH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yeon Wook" sort="Kim, Yeon Wook" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yeon Wook" last="Kim">Yeon Wook Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laffey, John G" sort="Laffey, John G" uniqKey="Laffey J" first="John G" last="Laffey">John G. Laffey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Galway</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luna, Carlos M" sort="Luna, Carlos M" uniqKey="Luna C" first="Carlos M" last="Luna">Carlos M. Luna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niederman, Michael S" sort="Niederman, Michael S" uniqKey="Niederman M" first="Michael S" last="Niederman">Michael S. Niederman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New York NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raghu, Ganesh" sort="Raghu, Ganesh" uniqKey="Raghu G" first="Ganesh" last="Raghu">Ganesh Raghu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez, Julio A" sort="Ramirez, Julio A" uniqKey="Ramirez J" first="Julio A" last="Ramirez">Julio A. Ramirez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Louisville KY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riera, Jordi" sort="Riera, Jordi" uniqKey="Riera J" first="Jordi" last="Riera">Jordi Riera</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roca, Oriol" sort="Roca, Oriol" uniqKey="Roca O" first="Oriol" last="Roca">Oriol Roca</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tamae Kakazu, Maximiliano" sort="Tamae Kakazu, Maximiliano" uniqKey="Tamae Kakazu M" first="Maximiliano" last="Tamae-Kakazu">Maximiliano Tamae-Kakazu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Spectrum Health-Michigan State University, Grand Rapids MI, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Spectrum Health-Michigan State University, Grand Rapids MI</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grand Rapids MI</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, Antoni" sort="Torres, Antoni" uniqKey="Torres A" first="Antoni" last="Torres">Antoni Torres</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonology Dept, University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonology Dept, University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Richard R" sort="Watkins, Richard R" uniqKey="Watkins R" first="Richard R" last="Watkins">Richard R. Watkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrecheguren, Miriam" sort="Barrecheguren, Miriam" uniqKey="Barrecheguren M" first="Miriam" last="Barrecheguren">Miriam Barrecheguren</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belliato, Mirko" sort="Belliato, Mirko" uniqKey="Belliato M" first="Mirko" last="Belliato">Mirko Belliato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione 1, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione 1, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chami, Hassan A" sort="Chami, Hassan A" uniqKey="Chami H" first="Hassan A" last="Chami">Hassan A. Chami</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Rongchang" sort="Chen, Rongchang" uniqKey="Chen R" first="Rongchang" last="Chen">Rongchang Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cortes Puentes, Gustavo A" sort="Cortes Puentes, Gustavo A" uniqKey="Cortes Puentes G" first="Gustavo A" last="Cortes-Puentes">Gustavo A. Cortes-Puentes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rochester MN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delacruz, Charles" sort="Delacruz, Charles" uniqKey="Delacruz C" first="Charles" last="Delacruz">Charles Delacruz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Haven CT</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Margaret M" sort="Hayes, Margaret M" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="Margaret M" last="Hayes">Margaret M. Hayes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Boston MA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heunks, Leo M A" sort="Heunks, Leo M A" uniqKey="Heunks L" first="Leo M A" last="Heunks">Leo M A. Heunks</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holets, Steven R" sort="Holets, Steven R" uniqKey="Holets S" first="Steven R" last="Holets">Steven R. Holets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rochester MN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hough, Catherine L" sort="Hough, Catherine L" uniqKey="Hough C" first="Catherine L" last="Hough">Catherine L. Hough</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jagpal, Sugeet" sort="Jagpal, Sugeet" uniqKey="Jagpal S" first="Sugeet" last="Jagpal">Sugeet Jagpal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick NJ, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick NJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Brunswick NJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeon, Kyeongman" sort="Jeon, Kyeongman" uniqKey="Jeon K" first="Kyeongman" last="Jeon">Kyeongman Jeon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johkoh, Takeshi" sort="Johkoh, Takeshi" uniqKey="Johkoh T" first="Takeshi" last="Johkoh">Takeshi Johkoh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagaski, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagaski</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Amagaski</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, May M" sort="Lee, May M" uniqKey="Lee M" first="May M" last="Lee">May M. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liebler, Janice" sort="Liebler, Janice" uniqKey="Liebler J" first="Janice" last="Liebler">Janice Liebler</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcelvaney, Gerry N" sort="Mcelvaney, Gerry N" uniqKey="Mcelvaney G" first="Gerry N" last="Mcelvaney">Gerry N. Mcelvaney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moskowitz, Ari" sort="Moskowitz, Ari" uniqKey="Moskowitz A" first="Ari" last="Moskowitz">Ari Moskowitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Boston MA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oeckler, Richard A" sort="Oeckler, Richard A" uniqKey="Oeckler R" first="Richard A" last="Oeckler">Richard A. Oeckler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rochester MN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ojanguren, I Igo" sort="Ojanguren, I Igo" uniqKey="Ojanguren I" first="I Igo" last="Ojanguren">I Igo Ojanguren</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Regan, Anthony" sort="O Regan, Anthony" uniqKey="O Regan A" first="Anthony" last="O'Regan">Anthony O'Regan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Galway</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pletz, Mathias W" sort="Pletz, Mathias W" uniqKey="Pletz M" first="Mathias W" last="Pletz">Mathias W. Pletz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rhee, Chin Kook" sort="Rhee, Chin Kook" uniqKey="Rhee C" first="Chin Kook" last="Rhee">Chin Kook Rhee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schultz, Marcus J" sort="Schultz, Marcus J" uniqKey="Schultz M" first="Marcus J" last="Schultz">Marcus J. Schultz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Storti, Enrico" sort="Storti, Enrico" uniqKey="Storti E" first="Enrico" last="Storti">Enrico Storti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi, Lodi, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi, Lodi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strange, Charlie" sort="Strange, Charlie" uniqKey="Strange C" first="Charlie" last="Strange">Charlie Strange</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Caroline du Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Columbia (Caroline du Sud)</settlement><region type="state">Caroline du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomson, Carey C" sort="Thomson, Carey C" uniqKey="Thomson C" first="Carey C" last="Thomson">Carey C. Thomson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Boston MA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torriani, Francesca J" sort="Torriani, Francesca J" uniqKey="Torriani F" first="Francesca J" last="Torriani">Francesca J. Torriani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology Unit at UC San Diego Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology Unit at UC San Diego Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego CA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Diego CA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xun" sort="Wang, Xun" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xun" last="Wang">Xun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wuxi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wuyts, Wim" sort="Wuyts, Wim" uniqKey="Wuyts W" first="Wim" last="Wuyts">Wim Wuyts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Tao" sort="Xu, Tao" uniqKey="Xu T" first="Tao" last="Xu">Tao Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shandong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Dawei" sort="Yang, Dawei" uniqKey="Yang D" first="Dawei" last="Yang">Dawei Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ziqiang" sort="Zhang, Ziqiang" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Ziqiang" last="Zhang">Ziqiang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Kevin C" sort="Wilson, Kevin C" uniqKey="Wilson K" first="Kevin C" last="Wilson">Kevin C. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA kwilson@thoracic.org.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">USA kwilson@thoracic.org.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1600-0617</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Advisory Committees (organization & administration)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Consensus (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Europe (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>International Cooperation (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Pulmonary Medicine (standards)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Societies, Medical (MeSH)</term><term>United States (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Comités consultatifs (organisation et administration)</term><term>Consensus (MeSH)</term><term>Coopération internationale (MeSH)</term><term>Europe (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumologie (normes)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term><term>Sociétés médicales (MeSH)</term><term>États-Unis (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Europe</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="normes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pneumologie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="organisation et administration" xml:lang="fr"><term>Comités consultatifs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="organization & administration" xml:lang="en"><term>Advisory Committees</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Pulmonary Medicine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Consensus</term><term>Humans</term><term>International Cooperation</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Societies, Medical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Consensus</term><term>Coopération internationale</term><term>Europe</term><term>Humains</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Sociétés médicales</term><term>États-Unis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>États-Unis</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. Consensus suggestions can standardise care, thereby improving outcomes and facilitating future research.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>An International Task Force was composed and agreement regarding courses of action was measured using the Convergence of Opinion on Recommendations and Evidence (CORE) process. 70% agreement was necessary to make a consensus suggestion.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The Task Force made consensus suggestions to treat patients with acute COVID-19 pneumonia with remdesivir and dexamethasone but suggested against hydroxychloroquine except in the context of a clinical trial; these are revisions of prior suggestions resulting from the interim publication of several randomised trials. It also suggested that COVID-19 patients with a venous thromboembolic event be treated with therapeutic anticoagulant therapy for 3 months. The Task Force was unable to reach sufficient agreement to yield consensus suggestions for the post-hospital care of COVID-19 survivors. The Task Force fell one vote shy of suggesting routine screening for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>The Task Force addressed questions related to pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID-19 and the post-hospital care of survivors, yielding several consensus suggestions. Management options for which there is insufficient agreement to formulate a suggestion represent research priorities.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33020069</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>15</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1600-0617</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>29</Volume><Issue>157</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>30</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur Respir Rev</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020).</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">200287</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1183/16000617.0287-2020</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. Consensus suggestions can standardise care, thereby improving outcomes and facilitating future research.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">An International Task Force was composed and agreement regarding courses of action was measured using the Convergence of Opinion on Recommendations and Evidence (CORE) process. 70% agreement was necessary to make a consensus suggestion.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The Task Force made consensus suggestions to treat patients with acute COVID-19 pneumonia with remdesivir and dexamethasone but suggested against hydroxychloroquine except in the context of a clinical trial; these are revisions of prior suggestions resulting from the interim publication of several randomised trials. It also suggested that COVID-19 patients with a venous thromboembolic event be treated with therapeutic anticoagulant therapy for 3 months. The Task Force was unable to reach sufficient agreement to yield consensus suggestions for the post-hospital care of COVID-19 survivors. The Task Force fell one vote shy of suggesting routine screening for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The Task Force addressed questions related to pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID-19 and the post-hospital care of survivors, yielding several consensus suggestions. Management options for which there is insufficient agreement to formulate a suggestion represent research priorities.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright ©ERS 2020.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bai</LastName><ForeName>Chunxue</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-3130</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chotirmall</LastName><ForeName>Sanjay H</ForeName><Initials>SH</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-7607</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rello</LastName><ForeName>Jordi</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-6210</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alba</LastName><ForeName>George A</ForeName><Initials>GA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-7836</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ginns</LastName><ForeName>Leo C</ForeName><Initials>LC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krishnan</LastName><ForeName>Jerry A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rogers</LastName><ForeName>Robert</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bendstrup</LastName><ForeName>Elisabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-6963</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Dept of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burgel</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-Regis</ForeName><Initials>PR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9828</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopîtaux de Paris, Université de Paris and Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chalmers</LastName><ForeName>James D</ForeName><Initials>JD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chua</LastName><ForeName>Abigail</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crothers</LastName><ForeName>Kristina A</ForeName><Initials>KA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duggal</LastName><ForeName>Abhijit</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Yeon Wook</ForeName><Initials>YW</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8333-4812</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laffey</LastName><ForeName>John G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-9573</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luna</LastName><ForeName>Carlos M</ForeName><Initials>CM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9288-096X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Niederman</LastName><ForeName>Michael S</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York NY, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raghu</LastName><ForeName>Ganesh</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ramirez</LastName><ForeName>Julio A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Riera</LastName><ForeName>Jordi</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1738-4448</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roca</LastName><ForeName>Oriol</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Critical Care Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tamae-Kakazu</LastName><ForeName>Maximiliano</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-1656</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Spectrum Health-Michigan State University, Grand Rapids MI, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torres</LastName><ForeName>Antoni</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-2167</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pulmonology Dept, University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Watkins</LastName><ForeName>Richard R</ForeName><Initials>RR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barrecheguren</LastName><ForeName>Miriam</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belliato</LastName><ForeName>Mirko</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione 1, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chami</LastName><ForeName>Hassan A</ForeName><Initials>HA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Rongchang</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cortes-Puentes</LastName><ForeName>Gustavo A</ForeName><Initials>GA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delacruz</LastName><ForeName>Charles</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hayes</LastName><ForeName>Margaret M</ForeName><Initials>MM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heunks</LastName><ForeName>Leo M A</ForeName><Initials>LMA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Holets</LastName><ForeName>Steven R</ForeName><Initials>SR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hough</LastName><ForeName>Catherine L</ForeName><Initials>CL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dept of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jagpal</LastName><ForeName>Sugeet</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick NJ, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jeon</LastName><ForeName>Kyeongman</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-1772</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johkoh</LastName><ForeName>Takeshi</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagaski, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>May M</ForeName><Initials>MM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7899-0401</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liebler</LastName><ForeName>Janice</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McElvaney</LastName><ForeName>Gerry N</ForeName><Initials>GN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moskowitz</LastName><ForeName>Ari</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-990X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oeckler</LastName><ForeName>Richard A</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ojanguren</LastName><ForeName>Iñigo</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Respiratory Dept, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Regan</LastName><ForeName>Anthony</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pletz</LastName><ForeName>Mathias W</ForeName><Initials>MW</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8157-2753</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rhee</LastName><ForeName>Chin Kook</ForeName><Initials>CK</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-7937</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schultz</LastName><ForeName>Marcus J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Storti</LastName><ForeName>Enrico</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi, Lodi, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Strange</LastName><ForeName>Charlie</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thomson</LastName><ForeName>Carey C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torriani</LastName><ForeName>Francesca J</ForeName><Initials>FJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology Unit at UC San Diego Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Xun</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wuyts</LastName><ForeName>Wim</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-3497</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Tao</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7544-0551</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Dawei</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Ziqiang</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wilson</LastName><ForeName>Kevin C</ForeName><Initials>KC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA kwilson@thoracic.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Eur Respir Rev</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9111391</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0905-9180</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D026683" MajorTopicYN="N">Advisory Committees</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000458" MajorTopicYN="Y">organization & administration</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="Y">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032921" MajorTopicYN="Y">Consensus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005060" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Europe</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007391" MajorTopicYN="Y">International Cooperation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015272" MajorTopicYN="N">Pulmonary Medicine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000592" MajorTopicYN="Y">standards</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012955" MajorTopicYN="Y">Societies, Medical</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014481" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">United States</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>Conflict of interest: C. Bai has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S.H. Chotirmall has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Rello has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G.A. Alba has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L.C. Ginns has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.A. Krishnan reports grants from National Institutes of Health, Regeneron/Department of Health and Human Services, and Verily for COVID-19 studies outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: R. Rogers has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Bendstrup reports grants and personal fees from Hofmann la Roche and Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: P-R. Burgel reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Insmed, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva and Zambon, and grants and personal fees from Vertex and GSK, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: J.D. Chalmers reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Glaxosmithkline, Insmed and Novartis, personal fees from Chiesi and Zambon, and grants from Gilead, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A. Chua has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K.A. Crothers has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Duggal has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Y.W. Kim has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.G. Laffey has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.M. Luna has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.S. Niederman reports other funding from Abbvie and Merck, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: G. Raghu reports consultant fees from Boerhinger Ingelheim, Roche-Genentech, Blade therapeutics, PureTech Health and Humanetics corporation. Conflict of interest: J.A. Ramirez has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Riera has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: O. Roca provides consultancy to Hamilton Medical but did not receive any personal fees. All compensations were received by the Institute of Research of his institution. He also reports personal fees from Air Liquide, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M. Tamae-Kakazu has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Torres has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R.R. Watkins has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Barrecheguren reports speaker fees from Grifols, Menarini, CSL Behring, Boehringer Ingelheim and GSK, and consulting fees from GSK and Novartis, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M. Belliato has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: H.A. Chami reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Pfizer, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Novartis, Mundipharma and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: R. Chen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G.A. Cortes Puentes has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Delacruz has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.M. Hayes has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L.M.A. Heunks reports grants from Liberate medical, USA, personal fees from Getinge Critical Care, Sweden, and grants and personal fees from Orion Pharma, Finland, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: S.R. Holets has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.L. Hough has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Jagpal was a sub-investigator for the RWJ New Brunswick Remdesivir study. Conflict of interest: S. Jeon has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Johkoh has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.M. Lee has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Liebler has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G.N. McElvaney has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Moskowitz has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R.A. Oeckler has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: I. Ojanguren reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca and Chiesi, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, GSK, MSD, BIAL, Mundipharma and TEVA, and grants from Menarini, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A. O'Regan has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.W. Pletz has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.K. Rhee reports personal fees from MSD, AstraZeneca, GSK Novartis, Takeda, Mundipharma, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Teva, Sanofi and Bayer, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M.J. Schultz's institution and department participated, and participates in, international studies of remdisivir. Participation was without financial compensations, etc., and also did not and will not lead to authorships on manuscripts from these studies. Conflict of interest: E. Storti has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Strange has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.C. Thomson has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F.J. Torriani has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: X. Wang has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: W. Wuyts has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Xu has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Yang has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Z. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K.C. Wilson has nothing to disclose.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>11</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>25</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33020069</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">29/157/200287</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1183/16000617.0287-2020</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7537943</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>N 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